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Summary: Design of Test Cases (Chapter 1.4.2) Test case design involves elaborating and refining test conditions using test techniques to create detailed test cases that are repeatable, verifiable, and traceable back to the test basis (e.g., requirements). Key Elements of Test Case Design: Test Objective: The specific, measurable goal of the test execution. Preconditions: The state of the system and any project or environmental requirements before test execution. Test Data Requirements: Input data for the test case, along with the necessary data already in the system to support test execution. Expected Results: Clearly defined pass/fail criteria for the test. These should consider screen outputs, data, and system state changes (postconditions). Postconditions: The system’s state after test execution, including any changes to data and triggers for subsequent processes. Challenges in Defining Expected Results: Defining expected results can be complex, especially in cases where the test basis is vague, contradictory, or incomplete. Manually calculating expected results is prone to errors; therefore, using automated tools (test oracles) is preferred. In Agile, the product owner may serve as the test oracle for determining correctness. Test Design Considerations: The level of detail in test cases depends on the test level (e.g., component, integration, system) and the test objective. The documentation of test work products varies based on project risk, value of documentation, standards, SDLC approach (e.g., Agile focuses on minimal documentation), and traceability requirements. Factors Affecting Test Documentation: Project risks and requirements for traceability. The value and regulatory need for documentation. Standards and the approach followed (e.g., Agile aims for minimal, yet effective, documentation). Infrastructure and Tools: Test infrastructure must be planned in advance to avoid delays during implementation. Infrastructure includes more than just test objects, covering rooms, equipment, software tools, personnel, and other necessary resources. Exit Criteria: Exit criteria for test analysis and design should be measurable and ensure all necessary steps have been taken for subsequent testing phases. Importance of Static Testing: Test design often acts as a form of static testing, where issues in requirements and test basis documents may be identified during test case creation. This helps uncover unclear, missing, or untestable requirements early in the process. Test case design is critical to ensuring well-defined, thorough, and effective test cases that align with the requirements and project needs, considering risks, test objectives, and the infrastructure required for successful execution.