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Summary: Test Design (Chapter 1.4) Test design is the phase where Test Analysts create the specific tests that will be executed, guided by the scope set during test planning. This process involves defining test cases, determining the test techniques to be used, identifying test data, and setting up the test environment. The key activities in test design are as follows: Key Activities in Test Design: 1. Determine Test Case Levels: o Decide whether to use high-level or low-level test cases based on the situation and the project needs. 2. Select Test Techniques: o Choose test techniques that provide the necessary test coverage. These are established during the test planning phase. 3. Design Test Cases: o Use the chosen techniques to design test cases that cover the identified test conditions. 4. Identify Test Data: o Determine the data required to support the execution of the test cases. 5. Design Test Environment: o Define the infrastructure and tools required to execute the tests, ensuring that the environment meets the testing needs. Additional Considerations in Test Design: • Prioritization: Apply prioritization criteria from risk analysis to focus on high-risk areas. • Pass/Fail Criteria: Clearly define pass/fail criteria for each test. • Understandability: Tests should be understandable to others, including other testers, developers, and auditors. • Interfaces and Interactions: Ensure that tests cover not only user interactions but also system interfaces and other non-visible interactions. • Risk and Business Value: Balance the test design effort to align with the risk levels and business value of the test object. ________________________________________ 1.4.1 Low-level and High-level Test Cases Test Analysts must decide the appropriate level of detail for test cases based on the project context. Each level has its own advantages and disadvantages: Low-level Test Cases: • Advantages: o Suitable for less experienced testers by providing detailed procedures and data. o Ensures reproducibility and consistency across different testers. o Reveals hidden defects in the test basis. o Supports independent verification and auditing. o Reduces effort in automated test implementation. • Disadvantages: o Time-consuming to create and maintain. o Limits tester creativity during execution. o Requires a well-defined test basis. o Tracing to test conditions may be more complex. High-level Test Cases: • Advantages: o Provides flexibility for Test Analysts to adjust data and execution procedures. o Can offer better risk coverage due to variability in execution. o Can be created early, even with incomplete requirements. o Relies on the experience of the Test Analyst for better execution results. o Suited for reuse across different test cycles with varying test data. • Disadvantages: o Less reproducible, making it harder to verify results. o Requires more experienced testers to execute effectively. o Lacks detail, which may lead to incomplete validations in automation. Sequential Use: • High-level test cases may evolve into low-level test cases as requirements become more stable and well-defined. In this sequential process, only the low-level test cases are executed. ________________________________________ Conclusion: Test design is a structured process where Test Analysts decide on test case levels, test techniques, and supporting infrastructure. It ensures that the system is tested comprehensively while balancing effort with risk and business priorities. Understanding when to use high-level versus low-level test cases helps optimize the efficiency of test execution and coverage.